Publications
- J. Bui, E. Lucas, E. Lees, A. Liu, H. Atwater, C. Xiang, A. Bell, A. Weber*, Analysis of Bipolar Membranes for Electrochemical CO2 Capture from Air and Oceanwater, Energy & Environmental Science, (2023)
- B. Bulfin, M. Carmo, R. Krol, J. Mougin, K. Ayers, K. Gross, O. Marina, G. Roberts, E. Stechel, C. Xiang*, Advanced Water Splitting Technologies Development: Best Practices and Protocols, Frontiers in Energy Research, (2023)
- A. Fenwick, A. Welch, X. Li, I. Sullivan, J. DuChene, C. Xiang, H. Atwater*, Probing the Catalytically Active Region in a Nanoporous Gold Gas Diffusion Electrode for Highly Selective Carbon Dioxide Reduction, ACS Energy Lett., (2022)
- Y. Liu, E. Lucas, I. Sullivan, X. Li, C. Xiang, Challenges and Opportunities in Continuous Flow Processes for Electrochemically Mediated Carbon Capture, iScience (2022)
- D. Xu, I. Sullivan, C. Xiang*, M. Lin* Comparative Study on Electrochemical and Thermochemical Pathways for Carbonaceous Fuel Generation Using Sunlight and Air, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. (2022)
- X. Shen, R. Yanagi, D. Solanki, H. Su, Z. Li, C. Xiang, S. Hu, Comprehensive Evaluation for Protective Coatings: Optical, Electrical, Photoelectrochemical, and Spectroscopic Characterizations, Frontiers in Energy Research (2022)
- E. Lucas, L. Han, I. Sullivan, H. Atwater, C. Xiang*, Measurement of ion transport properties in ion exchange membranes for photoelectrochemical water splitting, Frontiers in Energy Research (2022)
- Ian Sullivan, Andrey Goryachev , Ibadillah A. Digdaya1 , Xueqian Li , Harry A. Atwater , David A. Vermaas and Chengxiang Xiang *, Coupling Electrochemical CO2 Conversion with CO2 Capture, Nature Catalysis (2021)
- Wen-Hui Cheng, Alberto de la Calle, Harry A. Atwater, Ellen B. Stechel, C. Xiang*, Hydrogen from Sunlight and Water: A Sideby-Side Comparison between Photoelectrochemical and Solar Thermochemical Water-Splitting. ACS Energy Lett. (2021)
- Alex J. Welch, Aidan Q. Fenwick, Annette Bohme, Hsiang-Yun Chen, Ian Sullivan, Xueqian Li, Joseph S. DuChene, Chengxiang Xiang, Harry A. Atwater*, Operando Local pH Measurement within Gas Diffusion Electrodes Performing Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction. J. Phys. Chem. C. (2021)
- I. Sullivan, H. Zhang, C. Zhu, M. Wood, A. J. Nelson, S. E. Baker, C. M. Spadaccini, T. Van Buuren, M. Lin, E. B. Duoss, S. Liang, C. Xiang*, 3D Printed Nickel–Molybdenum-Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution at Low Overpotentials in a Flow-Through Configuration. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. (2021)
- A. J. Welch, I. A. Digdaya, R. Kent, P. Ghougassian, H. A. Atwater, C. Xiang*, Comparative Technoeconomic Analysis of Renewable Generation of Methane Using Sunlight, Water, and Carbon Dioxide. ACS Energy Lett. (2021)
- R. Sharifian, R. M. Wagterveld, I. A. Digdaya, C. Xiang, D. A. Vermaas, Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Capture to Close the Carbon Cycle. Energy Environ. Sci., 14, 78 (2021)
- M. Lin, A. Digdaya, C. Xiang*, Modeling the Electrochemical Behavior and Interfacial Junction Profiles of Bipolar Membranes at Solar Flux Relevant Operating Current Densities. Sustainable Energy&Fuels. (2021)
- I. A. Digdaya, I. Sullivan, M. Lin, L. Han, W. H. Cheng, H. A. Atwater, C. Xiang*, A Direct Coupled Electrochemical System for Capture and Conversion of CO2 from Oceanwater. Nat. Commun. 11, 1–10 (2020).
- S. H. Lee, I. Sullivan, D. M. Larson, G. Liu, F. M. Toma, C. Xiang*, W. S. Drisdell*, Correlating Oxidation State and Surface Area to Activity from Operando Studies of Copper CO Electroreduction Catalysts in a Gas-Fed Device. ACS Catal. 10, 8000–8011 (2020).
- J.C. Bui, I. A. Digdaya, C. Xiang, Alexis T. Bell, and Adam Z. Weber*, Understanding Multi-Ion Transport Mechanisms in Bipolar Membranes. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 12, 52509−52526 (2020)
- Y. Chen, N. S. Lewis, C. Xiang*, Modeling the Performance of A Flow-Through Gas Diffusion Electrode for Electrochemical Reduction of CO or CO2. J. Electrochem. Soc. 167, 114503 (2020).
- W. H. Chen, M. H. Richter, I. Sullivan, D. M. Larson, C. Xiang, B. S. Brunschwig, H. A. Atwater, A. CO2 Reduction to CO with 19% Efficiency in a Solar-Driven Gas Diffusion Electrode Flow Cell under Outdoor Solar Illumination. ACS Energy Lett. (2020)
- M. T. Spitler, M. A. Modestino, T. G. Deutsch, C. X. Xiang, J. R. Durrant, D. V. Esposito, S. Haussener, S. Maldonado, I. D. Sharp, B. A. Parkinson, D. S. Ginley, F. A. Houle, T. Hannappel, N. R. Neale, D. G. Nocera, P. C. McIntyre, Practical challenges in the development of photoelectrochemical solar fuels production. Sustain. Energy Fuels. 4, 985–995 (2020).
- Sullivan, L. Han, S. H. Lee, M. Lin, D. M. Larson, W. S. Drisdell, C. Xiang*, A Hybrid Catalyst-Bonded Membrane Device for Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Reduction at Different Relative Humidities. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7, 16964–16970 (2019).
- M. Lin, L. Han, M. R. Singh, C. Xiang*, An Experimental- And Simulation-Based Evaluation of the CO2 Utilization Efficiency of Aqueous-Based Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reactors with Ion-Selective Membranes. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2, 5843–5850 (2019).
- Ho, X. Zhou, L. Han, I. Sullivan, C. Karp, N. S. Lewis, C. Xiang*, Decoupling H2 (g) and O2 (g) production in water splitting by a solar-driven V 3+/2+ (aq, H 2SO4 )|KOH(aq) cell. ACS Energy Lett. 4, 968–976 (2019).
- D. Higgins, C. Hahn, C. Xiang, T. F. Jaramillo, A. Z. Weber, Gas-Diffusion Electrodes for Carbon Dioxide Reduction: A New Paradigm. ACS Energy Lett. 4, 317–324 (2019).
- X. Zhou, C. Xiang*, Comparative Analysis of Solar-to-Fuel Conversion Efficiency: A Direct, One-Step Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reactor versus a Two-Step, Cascade Electrochemical CO2 Reduction Reactor. ACS Energy Lett. 3, 1892–1897 (2018).
- H. Hashiba, L. C. Weng, Y. Chen, H. K. Sato, S. Yotsuhashi, C. Xiang*, A. Z. Weber*, Effects of electrolyte buffer capacity on surface reactant species and the reaction rate of CO2 in Electrochemical CO2 reduction. J. Phys. Chem. C. 122, 3719–3726 (2018).
- L. Han, W. Zhou, C. Xiang*, High-Rate Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Monoxide to Ethylene Using Cu-Nanoparticle-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes. ACS Energy Lett. 3, 855–860 (2018).
- M. R. Singh, C. Xiang*, N. S. Lewis*, Evaluation of flow schemes for near-neutral pH electrolytes in solar-fuel generators. Sustain. Energy Fuels. 1, 458–466 (2017).
- J. Jiang, Z. Huang, C. Xiang, R. Poddar, H. J. Lewerenz, K. M. Papadantonakis, N. S. Lewis, B. S. Brunschwig*, Nanoelectrical and Nanoelectrochemical Imaging of Pt/p-Si and Pt/p+-Si Electrodes. ChemSusChem. 10, 4657–4663 (2017).
- K. Sun, R. Liu, Y. Chen, E. Verlage, N. S. Lewis, C. Xiang*, A Stabilized, Intrinsically Safe, 10% Efficient, Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Cell Incorporating Earth-Abundant Electrocatalysts with Steady-State pH Gradients and Product Separation Enabled by a Bipolar Membrane. Adv. Energy Mater. 6, 1–7 (2016).
- Y. Chen, N. S. Lewis, C. Xiang*, Modeling and Simulation of the Spatial and Light-Intensity Dependence of Product Distributions in an Integrated Photoelectrochemical CO2 Reduction System. ACS Energy Lett. 1, 273–280 (2016).
- Xiang*, A. Z. Weber*, S. Ardo, A. Berger, Y. K. Chen, R. Coridan, K. T. Fountaine, S. Haussener, S. Hu, R. Liu, N. S. Lewis, M. A. Modestino, M. M. Shaner, M. R. Singh, J. C. Stevens, K. Sun, K. Walczak, Modeling, Simulation, and Implementation of Solar-Driven Water-Splitting Devices. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 55, 12974–12988 (2016).
- Xiang*, K. M. Papadantonakis, N. S. Lewis*, Principles and implementations of electrolysis systems for water splitting. Mater. Horizons. 3, 169–173 (2016).
- R. Wang, K. Pan, D. Han, J. Jiang, C. Xiang, Z. Huang, L. Zhang, X. Xiang, Solar-Driven H2O2 Generation From H2O and O2 Using Earth-Abundant Mixed-Metal Oxide@Carbon Nitride Photocatalysts. ChemSusChem. 9, 2470–2479 (2016).
- X. Zhou, R. Liu, K. Sun, Y. Chen, E. Verlage, S. A. Francis, N. S. Lewis, C. Xiang*, Solar-Driven Reduction of 1 atm of CO2 to Formate at 10% Energy-Conversion Efficiency by Use of a TiO2-Protected III-V Tandem Photoanode in Conjunction with a Bipolar Membrane and a Pd/C Cathode. ACS Energy Lett. 1, 764–770 (2016).
- Verlage, S. Hu, R. Liu, R. J. R. Jones, K. Sun, C. Xiang*, N. S. Lewis*, H. A. Atwater*, A monolithically integrated, intrinsically safe, 10% efficient, solar-driven water-splitting system based on active, stable earth-abundant electrocatalysts in conjunction with tandem III-V light absorbers protected by amorphous TiO2 films. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 3166–3172 (2015).
- Y. Chen, K. Sun, H. Audesirk, C. Xiang*, N. S. Lewis*, A quantitative analysis of the efficiency of solar-driven water-splitting device designs based on tandem photoabsorbers patterned with islands of metallic electrocatalysts. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 1736–1747 (2015).
- Y. Chen, S. Hu, C. Xiang*, N. S. Lewis*, A sensitivity analysis to assess the relative importance of improvements in electrocatalysts, light absorbers, and system geometry on the efficiency of solar-fuels generators. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 876–886 (2015).
- M. R. Singh, K. Papadantonakis, C. Xiang*, N. S. Lewis*, An electrochemical engineering assessment of the operational conditions and constraints for solar-driven water-splitting systems at near-neutral pH. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 2760–2767 (2015).
- K. Walczak, Y. Chen, C. Karp, J. W. Beeman, M. Shaner, J. Spurgeon, I. D. Sharp, X. Amashukeli, W. West, J. Jin, N. S. Lewis, C. Xiang*, Modeling, simulation, and fabrication of a fully integrated, acid stable, scalable solar-driven water-splitting system. ChemSusChem. 8, 544–551 (2015).
- Y. Chen, N. S. Lewis, C. Xiang*, Operational constraints and strategies for systems to effect the sustainable, solar-driven reduction of atmospheric CO2. Energy Environ. Sci. 8, 3663–3674 (2015).
- J. Jin, K. Walczak, M. R. Singh, C. Karp, N. S. Lewis, C. Xiang*, An experimental and modeling/simulation-based evaluation of the efficiency and operational performance characteristics of an integrated, membrane-free, neutral pH solar-driven water-splitting system. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 3371–3380 (2014).
- J. A. Haber, Y. Cai, S. Jung, C. Xiang, S. Mitrovic, J. Jin, A. T. Bell, J. M. Gregoire, Discovering Ce-rich oxygen evolution catalysts, from high throughput screening to water electrolysis. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 682–688 (2014).
- C. Xiang, S. K. Suram, J. A. Haber, D. W. Guevarra, E. Soedarmadji, J. Jin, J. M. Gregoire, High-throughput bubble screening method for combinatorial discovery of electrocatalysts for water splitting. ACS Comb. Sci. 16, 47–52 (2014).
- J. A. Haber, C. Xiang, D. Guevarra, S. Jung, J. Jin, J. M. Gregoire, High-Throughput Mapping of the Electrochemical Properties of (Ni-Fe-Co-Ce)Ox Oxygen-Evolution Catalysts. ChemElectroChem. 1, 524–528 (2014).
- C. Xiang, J. Haber, M. Marcin, S. Mitrovic, J. Jin, J. M. Gregoire, Mapping quantum yield for (Fe-Zn-Sn-Ti)Ox photoabsorbers using a high throughput photoelectrochemical screening system. ACS Comb. Sci. 16, 120–127 (2014).
- Y. Chen, C. Xiang, S. Hu, N. S. Lewis, Modeling the Performance of an Integrated Photoelectrolysis System with 10 × Solar Concentrators. J. Electrochem. Soc. 161, F1101–F1110 (2014).
- S. Hu, C. Xiang, S. Haussener, A. D. Berger, N. S. Lewis, An analysis of the optimal band gaps of light absorbers in integrated tandem photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 2984–2993 (2013).
- J. M. Gregoire, C. Xiang, S. Mitrovic, X. Liu, M. Marcin, E. W. Cornell, J. Fan, J. Jin, Combined Catalysis and Optical Screening for High Throughput Discovery of Solar Fuels Catalysts. J. Electrochem. Soc. 160, F337–F342 (2013).
- C. Xiang, Y. Chen, N. S. Lewis, Modeling an integrated photoelectrolysis system sustained by water vapor. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 3713–3721 (2013).
- S. Haussener, S. Hu, C. Xiang, A. Z. Weber, N. S. Lewis, Simulations of the irradiation and temperature dependence of the efficiency of tandem photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems. Energy Environ. Sci. 6, 3605–3618 (2013).
- C. Xiang, A. C. Meng, N. S. Lewis, Evaluation and optimization of mass transport of redox species in silicon microwire-array photoelectrodes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 15622–15627 (2012).
- S. Haussener, C. Xiang, J. M. Spurgeon, S. Ardo, N. S. Lewis, A. Z. Weber, Modeling, simulation, and design criteria for photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 9922–9935 (2012).
- C. Xiang, G. M. Kimball, R. L. Grimm, B. S. Brunschwig, H. A. Atwater, N. S. Lewis, 820 mV open-circuit voltages from Cu2O/CH3CN junctions. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 1311–1318 (2011).
- R. Halpern, N. Nishi, J. Wen, F. Yang, C. Xiang, R. M. Penner, R. M. Corn, Characterization of electrodeposited gold and palladium nanowire gratings with optical diffraction measurements. Anal. Chem. 81, 5585–5592 (2009).
- Xiang, Y. Yang, R. M. Penner, Cheating the diffraction limit: Electrodeposited nanowires patterned by photolithography. Chem. Commun., 859–873 (2009).
- Xiang, J. Y. Kim, R. M. Penner, Reconnectable sub-5 nm nanogaps in ultralong gold nanowires. Nano Lett. 9, 2133–2138 (2009).
- Y. Yang, D. K. Taggart, M. A. Brown, C. Xiang, S. C. Kung, F. Yang, J. C. Hemminger, R. M. Penner, Wafer-scale patterning of lead telluride nanowires: Structure, characterization, and electrical properties. ACS Nano. 3, 4144–4154 (2009).
- Xiang, A. G. Güell, M. A. Brown, J. Y. Kim, J. C. Hemminger, R. M. Penner, Coupled electrooxidation and electrical conduction in a single gold nanowire. Nano Lett. 8, 3017–3022 (2008).
- C. Xiang, S. C. Kung, D. K. Taggart, F. Yang, M. A. Thompson, A. G. Güell, Y. Yang, R. M. Penner, Lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition: A method for patterning electrically continuous metal nanowires on dielectrics. ACS Nano. 2, 1939–1949 (2008).
- C. Xiang, M. A. Thompson, F. Yang, E. J. Menke, L. M. C. Yang, R. M. Penner, Lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition. Solid State Phys. 5, 3503–3505 (2008).
- H. Kim, D. K. Taggart, C. Xiang, R. M. Penner, E. O. Potma, Spatial control of coherent anti-stokes emission with height-modulated gold zig-zag nanowires. Nano Lett. 8, 2373–2377 (2008).
- Y. Yang, S. C. Kung, D. K. Taggart, C. Xiang, F. Yang, M. A. Brown, A. G. Güell, T. J. Kruse, J. C. Hemminger, R. M. Penner, Synthesis of PbTe nanowire arrays using lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition. Nano Lett. 8, 2447–2451 (2008).
- H. Kim, C. Xiang, A. G. Güell, R. M. Penner, E. O. Potma, Tunable two-photon excited luminescence in single gold nanowires fabricated by lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition. J. Phys. Chem. C. 112, 12721–12727 (2008).
- J. Menke, M. A. Thompson, C. Xiang, L. C. Yang, R. M. Penner, Lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition. Nat. Mater. 5, 914–919 (2008).